Gas Roots Flow Meters

Positive-Displacement Custody Billing for Natural Gas, LPG Vapor, Industrial Sub-Distribution, and Small-Skid RNG

Accuracy ±0.5 / 1.0 / 1.5 % of rate options
Pipe DN25 to DN150 across G16 to G1000 flow rates
1:30 turndown; low-flow custody accuracy

  • Twin-lobe Roots rotor PD principle; fixed displacement per rotation, independent of velocity profile
  • 3.6 V lithium battery option for unmanned AMR billing; 24 VDC for SCADA-integrated
  • Ex ia (intrinsically safe) IIC T6 Ga + IP65 + ISO 9001 cal cert with every meter
↓ Request datasheet (PDF)
ROOTS CASING ROTOR A ROTOR B GAS IN GAS OUT Twin-lobe Roots rotor pair · fixed displacement per rotation G16 to G1000 · DN25 to DN150 · 1:30 turndown

Roots is the PD custody-billing pick for low-flow gas where turbine loses accuracy and ultrasonic is not warranted. Twin-lobe rotor pair in aluminium casing, fixed displacement per rotation, 1:30 turndown holds accuracy at the low end. DN25 to DN150 across 10 G-classes, ±0.5 % custody, Ex ia IIC T6 Ga, IP65, 3.6 V battery AMR. Lead time 5–7 business days.

How Roots gas flow meters work

A Roots gas meter counts fixed-volume pockets between a twin-lobe rotor pair sealed in the casing. Gas pressure turns one rotor; synchronized timing gears outside the gas chamber drive the second. Each pair revolution displaces a fixed volume, the meter K-factor.

A magnetic or optical pickup counts the revolutions. Revolution rate gives instantaneous flow; the cumulative count gives totalized volume. Built-in temperature and pressure compensation corrects to reference conditions (Nm³/h) on the 4-20 mA loop, with the totalizer and density on the LCD.

Because the count is positive-displacement, accuracy holds to the low end of the range, independent of velocity profile, gas density, and pulsation. That suits intermittent, residential, and low-pressure sub-billing, where the 1:30 turndown reaches well past the point a turbine falls off (below 10 % of nominal).

The trade-offs: a higher pressure drop than a turbine, a bore ceiling (production caps at DN150), and clean dry gas only.

When to specify Roots

Match your application against the table below. Out-of-range service goes to vortex, turbine, ultrasonic, or Coriolis families.

ServiceRoots Gas (LQ Series)Alternative
Residential / light-commercial natural gas billing (low flow)Standard pick (G16-G65 DN25-DN50)
Town-gas regulator station to cluster distributionStandard pick (G100-G650)LWGQ Gas Turbine for DN200+ high-flow
LPG vapor at gas-station return / commercial vaporiserStandard pick (G40-G250)
Liquid LPG (tank loading, transport delivery)Outside the operating range (liquid phase)LWGY lpg-turbine-flow-meter
Industrial-park multi-tenant gas sub-billingStandard pick (G25-G400)
Compressed-air audit at low-flow (sub-DN50 idle leakage)Standard pick (G16-G65)LWGQ compressed-air-turbine for DN50+
Post-upgrade biomethane / RNG small-skid custodyStandard pick (G40-G250)LWGQ biogas-turbine for DN50+ grid-injection
Raw biogas (wet, >10 ppm H₂S)Outside the operating range (wet gas not tolerated)LUXB biogas-swirl-flow-meter
High-pressure natural gas (above 1.6 MPa)Out of range (above rated limit)LWGQ natural-gas-turbine + fuel-gas turbine
Cryogenic LNG (−162 °C)Outside the operating rangecryogenic-coriolis-flow-meter
Pulsating gas service (compressor outlet)Outside the operating range without accumulatorVortex + accumulator pre-conditioning

Which model for your application

Four Roots models cover the range below. Match your service range to a model in the table.

Service rangeG-class & boreModel page
City-gas residential billingG16-G40, DN25-DN40, 0.6 MPa, battery AMRNatural Gas Roots
Town-gas regulator station to cluster distributionG100-G650, DN80-DN150, 1.0-1.6 MPaNatural Gas Roots
Gas-station LPG vapor return lineG40-G160, DN50-DN80, 0.6-1.0 MPaLPG Vapor Roots
Industrial-park N2 / air tenant sub-billingG25-G250, DN40-DN100, 0.6-1.6 MPaIndustrial Gas Roots
Small-skid RNG biomethane custodyG40-G250, DN50-DN100, 1.0-1.6 MPaBiogas Roots
WWTP biomethane-to-CHP custodyG65-G160, DN50-DN80, 1.0 MPaBiogas Roots

All Roots models share the same core: Ex ia IIC T6 Ga, IP65, ±0.5 % custody accuracy option, 1:30 turndown, and the 7-output configurator. Power is 3.6 V battery or 24 VDC; every meter ships EMC 2014/30/EU compliant with an ISO 9001 calibration certificate and 5–7 business day lead time.

Universal Roots install requirements

These install rules apply across all Roots models. Model-specific variations (LPG vapor knockout drum, biogas H₂S pre-conditioning) live on each model page.

  1. Upstream filter is mandatory Roots is positive-displacement and sensitive to particulate; install a gas filter upstream sized for the service. Never connect the filter directly to the meter inlet flange. Leave one DN of straight pipe between filter and meter to settle any micro-particulate carryover.
  2. Pressure regulator upstream of the meter For gas-distribution service, install a pressure regulator (or pressure reducer) upstream of the meter to stabilize inlet pressure. Variable upstream pressure drives the meter zero point and biases the reading.
  3. No pipe-low-point installation Roots cannot tolerate liquid carryover or condensate slugs. Do not install at line low point. Route a condensate trap upstream if condensate is possible (wet upstream gas, ambient cool-down).
  4. Avoid pulsation source; install accumulator if needed Roots counts volume per rotation; pulsating gas (compressor outlet, regulator hunting) distorts the count. Locate the meter downstream of pressure regulator. On compressor-outlet service, install an accumulator vessel upstream to dampen pulsation.
  5. Mount with flow-arrow alignment The arrow on the casing must match line flow direction. Both vertical (top-down) and horizontal mounts are supported. The pipe must run full of gas at the meter location.

Frequently asked questions

What is a Roots gas flow meter and how does it work?+
A Roots gas meter is a positive-displacement instrument: a pair of twin-lobe rotors sealed in the casing counts fixed-volume gas pockets, so each revolution displaces a known volume. Rotation rate gives instantaneous flow; the totalizer gives cumulative volume. Output is m³/h actual, or Nm³/h with optional T+P compensation, over 4-20 mA / pulse / RS-485 / HART / 4G for billing telemetry. Custody-grade accuracy is ±0.5 % of rate at 1:30 turndown; Roots holds the low-flow tail where turbine accuracy fades.
When does Roots beat turbine, ultrasonic, or thermal mass for gas?+
Roots is the pick for low-flow gas custody where wide turndown matters more than peak accuracy: residential and light-commercial gas billing, LPG vapor return at filling stations, industrial-park sub-billing, and small-skid RNG invoicing. The positive-displacement principle holds accuracy at the low-flow end that turbine cannot match. Route elsewhere when:
  • bore is DN200+ at steady high flow: gas turbine;
  • very-large-bore pipeline custody needs no moving parts: gas ultrasonic;
  • low-flow process gas needs direct mass output, not billing: thermal mass.
What pipe sizes and flow rates are supported?+
The production range is DN25 to DN150 across 10 G-classes: G16 (1 to 25 m³/h on DN25) up to G1000 (15 to 1,000 m³/h on DN150), in steps G16, G25, G40, G65, G100, G160, G250, G400, G650, G1000. DN15 and DN20 are by-quote (no published flow range). Working pressure is G-class-dependent: G16 / G25 at 0.6 MPa, G40 to G400 at 1.0 to 1.6 MPa, G650 / G1000 at 0.6 MPa.
What media are in scope for the Roots Series?+
Roots is limited to clean dry gas. In scope:
  • natural gas (post-amine-scrubbed, ≤4 ppm H₂S), town / city gas;
  • LPG vapor (post-vaporiser, gas phase only);
  • compressed air (post-dryer), low-pressure industrial gas distribution;
  • post-upgrade biomethane / RNG (≥95 % CH₄, ≤4 ppm H₂S).
Out of scope: wet gas, 2-phase, liquid LPG (use liquid turbine), raw biogas above 10 ppm H₂S (use swirl), cryogenic LNG (use Coriolis), slurry, and unconditioned pulsating gas.
What output signals and AMR options are available?+
Seven outputs are configurator-selectable:
  • pulse 3-wire for legacy panel counters;
  • pulse + battery-card for off-grid AMR;
  • 4-20 mA 3-wire and 2-wire for SCADA;
  • RS-485 Modbus RTU for plant DCS;
  • HART for refinery / petrochem DCS;
  • 4G wireless for remote utility AMR.
The 3.6 V lithium battery option gives multi-year life on unmanned billing meters. Hazardous-area rating is Ex ia IIC T6 Ga with IP65 ingress.
What custody-transfer certifications are supported?+
Each meter ships an ISO 9001 calibration certificate listing G-class, calibrated DN, K-factor, and tested flow range. Custody type approval under the local metrology regime (OIML or a national directive) is buyer-arranged with a notified body; the factory supplies the build documentation and traceable calibration records for the type-test submission. EMC compliance to EU Directive 2014/30/EU ships standard.
What is the lead time and how is calibration performed?+
Standard lead time is 5 to 7 business days, factory direct. Each meter is calibrated on a gravimetric or bell-prover gas rig per its G-class, tested across the published flow range, and shipped with a certificate listing K-factor, calibrated DN, tested range, and accuracy class. For local type approval, the buyer can arrange witness calibration at a third-party institute (NMi / PTB / NIM equivalent) before shipment. The 3.6 V battery option ships pre-fitted for AMR billing.

Need help sizing a Roots gas meter?

Send gas type, DN, P/T, flow, AMR / SCADA need. Reply in 1 day; lead time 5–7 business days.