Thermal Mass Flow Meters

Direct Mass Flow, No T+P Stack

Accuracy of ±1.0% of rate
Turndown ratio of 1:1200
Low-flow detection of 0.1 Nm/s

  • Line sizes DN10 to DN300 inline (insertion to DN1000+; TMF-MEMS micro version DN8 to DN25)
  • Working pressure ≤ 1.6 MPa standard, up to 6.3 MPa on request
  • 8 thermal-dispersion inline models plus 1 TMF-MEMS micro version on the TMF Series
↓ Request datasheet (PDF)
HEATED REF heat transfer FLOW IN FLOW OUT TMF Thermal dispersion · 1:1200 · ±1.0% Constant-temperature-difference thermal dispersion

The TMF Thermal Mass Flow Meter family covers industrial gas service across DN10 to DN300 pipe sizes, with insertion versions (TMFW) extending to stacks DN1000 and larger. The thermal-dispersion principle; operating in constant-temperature-difference (CTD) mode; reads mass flow directly from heater power, with no external T+P stack and no flow computer required.

Eight thermal-dispersion inline models cover compressed air, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, natural gas, biogas, landfill gas, and flue gas service. The 0.1 Nm/s low-flow detection catches off-shift purge drift and idle leak signals that vortex meters miss. The 1:1200 velocity turndown spans idle through peak demand on a single meter, eliminating parallel-meter bypass piping. CNEX Ex d IIC T6 Gb hazardous-area protection ships on every order. For micro-bore service below DN50 (analytical lab, fuel-cell test rig, battery cell formation, semiconductor wafer, medical-gas applications) the TMF-MEMS version adds a MEMS-chip sensor in a DN8 to DN25 threaded body, 0.05 Nm/s low-flow detection, and mL/min lab-output capability. Lead time 5–7 business days from the factory.

Thermal mass flow meter models

Eight thermal-dispersion inline models plus the TMF-MEMS micro version on the TMF Series. Click through for spec, configurator, and pricing.

Compressed Air TMF

DN10–DN300 · ISO 1217 FAD · 1:1200

Factory plant-air mains, compressor-bench audits, and ISO 11011 leak-attribution loops. ISO 1217 Free Air Delivery output direct on the loop.

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Oxygen TMF

DN10–DN300 · ±1.0 % of rate · CNEX Ex d

ASU outlet headers, oxygen lance feeds, oxy-fuel burners, and aeration mains. No T+P stack, no flow computer, no compressibility table.

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Hydrogen TMF

DN10–DN300 · ±1.0 % of rate · 1:1200

PEM and alkaline electrolyser feeds, refinery sub-meters, and fuel-cell test rigs. Direct mass flow with no AGA Z-factor table to maintain.

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Nitrogen TMF

DN10–DN300 · 0.1 Nm/s low-flow · 316L

Inerting headers, blanket-gas feeds, purge service, and bulk LN₂ vaporiser outlets. Sanitary Tri-clamp option for pharma and battery service.

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Natural Gas TMF

DN10–DN300 · ±1.0 % of rate · CNEX Ex d

Pipeline natural gas on factory inlets, M&R stations, and CHP feed lines. On-board calorific log (MJ/Nm³ + kWh-equivalent) for boiler-fuel auditing.

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Biogas TMF

DN25–DN300 · Hastelloy C-276 · 1:1200

Raw digester gas on WWTP, agricultural digester, landfill, and CHP-feed lines. Hastelloy C-276 probe handles H₂S to 10,000 ppm continuous.

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Landfill Gas TMF

DN25–DN300 · PTFE Hastelloy · EPA-ready

Flare-stack feeds, LFGTE collection headers, and RNG upgrade-skid outlets. PTFE-coated Hastelloy C-276 probe handles H₂S, siloxane, and condensate.

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Flue Gas TMF

DN25–DN1000+ · ±1.5 % of rate · 1:1200

Conditioned flue gas downstream of post-cooler boiler stacks, RTO outlets, and drying-oven exhausts. Insertion version for stacks DN1000+.

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MEMS Gas Flow Meter

TMF-MEMS micro · DN8–DN25 threaded · 0.05 Nm/s

MEMS-chip sensor for analytical lab, fuel-cell test rig, battery cell formation, semiconductor wafer, and medical-gas service. 100:1 turndown, mL/min to kg/h output, 8 factory gas curves plus mixture custom calibration.

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How thermal mass flow meters work

A thermal mass flow meter measures gas mass flow directly from the heater power required to maintain a fixed temperature difference between two RTDs in the flow path. One RTD is heated above the reference RTD; gas flow carries heat away, the meter increases heater power to hold the differential, and the heater-power signal converts directly to mass flow without external pressure or temperature compensation.

This is the thermal-dispersion principle, operating in constant-temperature-difference (CTD) mode. Because pressure and temperature factors cancel on both sides of the heat-balance equation, the TMF outputs Nm³/h or kg/h directly on the 4-20 mA loop with one instrument; no multivariable transmitter, no flow computer, no compressibility table. The 0.1 Nm/s low-flow detection catches idle drift below the vortex shedding velocity, and 1:1200 turndown spans the full operating range on one meter.

Thermal mass versus vortex versus swirl

Choose thermal mass when the medium is wet, low-density, or below the vortex floor. Choose vortex for steam-heavy duty. Choose swirl for tight straight-pipe installs.

ServiceThermal Mass (TMF); pick whenAlternative meter type
Idle leak drift, off-shift trickle0.1 Nm/s low-flow detectionVortex reads zero below 3-4 m/s
Wet biogas, landfill gas, flue gasNo bluff body, condensate-tolerantVortex noisy below 5 m/s wet
Compressed air audit, ISO 50001 loggingDirect FAD, on-board kWh logVortex for < 0.1 Nm/s blind
Hydrogen, low-density gasDirect mass flow, no AGA correctionCoriolis above 6.3 MPa
Saturated & superheated steamBelow T-rating, condensate concernsVortex (LUGB) for full DN range
Custody-grade utility billingNot approved for fiscal primaryAGA 9 ultrasonic or Coriolis
Stack & flare metering DN1000+Insertion (TMFW) version availableVortex insertion at ±1.5 %
High-pressure pipeline > 6.3 MPaBeyond TMF working rangeCoriolis (ZLMFM)

TMF model selection by gas service

Match the TMF build to the gas service. Eight models cover the full gas range where direct mass flow + low-flow detection matter.

ServiceWetted-parts & differentiatorModel page
Anaerobic-digester biogas, agricultural / WWTP / LFGHastelloy C-276 sour-service standard, composition inputBiogas TMF
Plant compressed-air ISO 50001 / 11011 audit, leak survey316L wetted parts, 0.1 Nm/s low-flow detection (vortex blind zone)Compressed Air TMF
Conditioned flue gas (post-cooler boiler stack, RTO outlet)316L below 150 °C / Hastelloy C above, EPA reportingFlue Gas TMF
Hydrogen (PEM / alkaline electrolyser, refinery, fuel cell)H₂-clean materials, gas-specific factory K-factorHydrogen TMF
Landfill gas (high H₂S, siloxane, variable composition)Hastelloy C standard, composition input mandatoryLandfill Gas TMF
Natural gas (boiler fuel, CHP feed, kiln burner)316L wetted parts, fuel gas K-factorNatural Gas TMF
Industrial nitrogen (blanketing, ASU outlet, semicon purge)316L wetted parts, sanitary option (PFA + Tri-clamp)Nitrogen TMF
Industrial oxygen (ASU, oxy-fuel burner, aeration, ozone)316L wetted parts, oxy-clean factory prepOxygen TMF

All eight models share the TMF Series: ±1.0 % of rate, 1:1200 velocity turndown, 0.1 Nm/s low-flow detection, direct mass-flow output (Nm³/h or kg/h on 4-20 mA), CNEX Ex d IIC T6 Gb option, 5–7 business days lead time.

Model specification comparison.

modelDN rangeWetted partsComposition inputKey positioning
BiogasDN25–DN300Hastelloy C-276Live CH₄% inputSour service, H₂S to 5,000 ppm
Compressed AirDN25–DN300316LOptional N₂-blendISO 50001 + 11011 leak audit
Flue GasDN25–DN200316L (Hastelloy C above 150 °C)O₂ + CO₂ optionalEPA / Subpart reporting
HydrogenDN15–DN150H₂-clean materialsRefinery balance optionalPEM / alkaline / refinery / HRS
Landfill GasDN50–DN300Hastelloy C-276Live CH₄% mandatoryVariable composition, siloxane, LMOP
Natural GasDN25–DN300316LStable compositionBoiler fuel, CHP feed, city-gate sub
NitrogenDN10–DN300316L (PFA sanitary option)None; pure N₂Blanketing, ASU, semicon, pharma
OxygenDN15–DN300316L oxy-cleanNone; pure O₂ASU outlet, oxy-fuel, aeration

All models share the TMF Series: ±1.0 % of rate, 1:1200 velocity turndown, 0.1 Nm/s low-flow detection, direct mass-flow output, CNEX Ex d IIC T6 Gb option, 5–7 business days lead time.

Universal TMF install requirements

Five install rules shared across all 8 TMF models:

  1. Send the gas service and operating range at order timeFactory K-factor depends on medium (NG / N₂ / H₂ / O₂ / biogas / compressed air / flue gas) and operating pressure/temperature. Composition variance beyond ±5 % requires the live composition input option.
  2. Respect 10× DN upstream and 5× DN downstream straight pipe10× DN clean full-bore pipe upstream, 5× DN downstream from the last fitting. For tight-skid installs see the LUXB swirl sibling (3D / 2D rule).
  3. Wire only the loop you need; no external T+P transmittersT+P read on-board via the thermal-dispersion sensor pair. Field wiring runs only the 4-20 mA loop (or RS485, HART) back to the DCS.
  4. Follow the catalog Ex d flameproof wiring rulesDo not modify the Ex d circuit, components, or explosion-protection type. CNEX Ex d IIC T6 Gb ships standard for hazardous-area orders.
  5. Keep the meter clear of magnetic and dirty-power sourcesAvoid strong external magnetic fields (large motors, transformer banks); do not share power with VFDs or welders. The thermal-dispersion sensor is µV-noise-sensitive.

Frequently asked questions

What is a thermal mass flow meter and how does it measure flow?+
A thermal mass flow meter measures gas mass flow directly from the heater power required to maintain a fixed temperature difference between two RTDs in the flow path. Heat transfer through the gas depends on its mass flow rate, so pressure and temperature factors drop out of the measurement equation. The meter outputs Nm³/h or kg/h on the 4-20 mA loop with no external T+P stack and no flow computer.
When should I choose thermal mass over vortex or swirl?+
Choose thermal mass (TMF) when the medium is wet, low-density, or below the vortex shedding floor of 3-4 m/s velocity. The 0.1 Nm/s low-flow detection catches off-shift purge drift and idle leak signals that vortex meters read as zero. Choose vortex (LUGB) for steam-heavy duty where T+P is well-defined. Choose swirl (LUXB) for tight straight-pipe installs at 3D+2D.
Why does thermal mass NOT need built-in T+P compensation?+
The thermal-dispersion principle measures mass flow directly from heater power. Heat transfer through the gas depends on the gas mass flow rate, with pressure and temperature factors cancelling on both sides of the heat-balance equation. Vortex and orifice meters read volumetric flow at line conditions and need a separate temperature transmitter, pressure transmitter, and flow computer to convert to standard-condition Nm³/h. The TMF outputs Nm³/h directly with one instrument.
What is the 1:1200 turndown advantage in practice?+
On a header swinging from idle (kg/h leak rate) to peak demand, a 1:1200 turndown means one TMF meter spans the full operating range. Vortex meters at 1:15 turndown typically need two parallel meters with crossover-valve piping to span the same range; adding capital cost, valve maintenance, and switching transients. The TMF eliminates the bypass piping.
What pipe sizes and operating range are available?+
The TMF Series covers DN10 to DN300 inline pipe sizes, with insertion versions (TMFW) for stacks and headers DN1000 and larger. Working pressure is ≤ 1.6 MPa standard with up to 6.3 MPa available on request. Medium temperature is −45 to +150 °C; the flue-gas version extends to +200 °C downstream of the post-cooler. Sensor wetted parts are 316L stainless standard or Hastelloy C for sour service.
What hazardous-area certification ships with TMF meters?+
CNEX Ex d IIC T6 Gb (flameproof, Zone 1, gas group IIC, surface-temperature class T6) ships as the standard hazardous-area option on every order. EMC compliance to the EU Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive 2014/30/EU (Annex II) ships standard. IP65, IP66, and IP67 ingress ratings are selectable. The biogas and landfill-gas versions ship Hastelloy C-276 wetted parts standard for H₂S service.
What is the lead time for thermal mass flow meter orders?+
Standard lead time is 5–7 business days from order confirmation, factory direct. Hazardous-area builds, Hastelloy C wetted-parts upgrades, sanitary Tri-clamp options, and PROFIBUS / Foundation Fieldbus output protocols all ship within the same window.
How does the TMF-MEMS micro-bore version differ from the standard inline TMF, and when does it apply?+
The TMF-MEMS micro-bore version uses a MEMS-chip sensor in a DN8 to DN25 threaded body, with a 0.05 Nm/s low-flow detection (four times more sensitive than the standard inline thermal-dispersion build) and mL/min lab-output capability. It serves analytical lab carrier gas, fuel-cell test rig H₂/O₂ feed, battery cell formation H₂/N₂ supply, semiconductor wafer CDA/N₂ purge, and medical-gas branch flow measurement; applications where the line is below DN50 and the flow target sits in the mL/min to NL/min range. Standard inline TMF (eight gas-medium-specific models in the grid above) uses heated wires in a DN10 to DN300 flanged body for plant-scale Nm³/h industrial gas billing. The catalog factory reuses the DTRTMFW prefix for the MEMS version and the legacy thermal-dispersion insertion probe; the site disambiguates as TMF-MEMS (micro version) and TMFW (insertion). Lead time stays 5–7 business days on either.

Need help selecting a thermal mass flow meter?

Send the line size, design pressure, and process medium. The engineering team returns a sized model code, an estimated unit price, and a ship window within one business day. Lead time 5–7 business days from the factory.